Paper-finishing machine



F. CILADD AND F. e. NEAL.

PAPER FINISHING MACHINE; APPLICATION FILED APR-20, 1914.

1,352,61 1, Patented Sept. 14,1920.

4 SHEETS-SHEET I.

F. C. LADD AND F. G. NEAL.

PAPER FINISHING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED APR-20. 1914.

1,352,61 1. Pafented Sept. 14, 1920.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

F. C. LADD AND F. G. NEAL.

PAPER FINISHING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 20. I914.

Patented Sept. 14, 1920.

SHEETS-SHEET 3.

F. C. LADD AND F. G. NEAL.

PAPER FINISHING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 20. 1914.

Patented Sept. 14, 1920.

4 SHEETS SHEET 4.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK C. LADD AND FRANKLIN G. NEAL, 0E SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS ASSIGNORS, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO EASTERN MANUFACTURING COM- BANY, OF BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF MASSACHUSETTS.

raran rmrsnme MACHINE.

Application filed April 20,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, FRANK O. LADD and FRANKLIN Gr. NEAL, citizens of the United States of America, residing at Springfield, in the county of Hampden and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Paper-Finishing Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an apparatus for surface finishing paper in an improved manner.

As well understood by those skilled in the art, the best method heretofore known for giving a high rade linen or similar finish to paper is by the use of a machine called a plater comprising one pair of pressure rolls with means for forcing the rolls together with great pressure. In the use of such a machine, the paper to be finished in the form of suitable sized sheets is built u into what is called a book. This book comprises a sheet of thin metal, as zinc, then a sheet of linen, then a sheet of paper, then another sheet of linen, then metal, then linen, paper, and linen, and metal, and so forth.

.After the book is made up, it is passed a good many times between the two adjacent and opposed pressure rolls of the plater.

There is enormous pressure between these two rolls. On account of this pressure exerted on the book passing through the rolls, the pattern of the linen or other cloth used for finishing is transferred to the paper. As a book is being rolled on the plater, there is a little play or slip between the various sheets of metal, cloth, and paper which tends to polish the surface. This polish is generally desirable and is not obtained on any other machine heretofore known. The pressure rolls of the plater are as far as known made of metal, as steel or iron, which is unyielding to such an extent that, if two sheets of linen with a sheet of paper between were passed alone through the rolls, the linen would soon be destroye due to the enormous pressure between the rolls. It is obviously a distinct disadvantage to destro Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Sept. 14, 1920.

1914. Serial No. 833,270.

In order to avoid the unsatisfactory results from two rolls made of an unyielding material, we have provided a structure in which at least one roll of the pair .is relatively resilient and preferably made of material which, due to the enormous pressure between the rolls, will yield sufficiently to avoid the damaging effect of the pressure and still cause the pattern from the cloth to be transferred to the paper. By using a yielding roll, there is a tendency for the rolls to polish the surface of the pa r sheet by ironing, and the result is simi ar to the plater action as a kneading or slipping of the sheets is obtained by the non-yielding roll pressin into and rolling on the yielding roll. he principle underlying this invention depends upon the fact that if a sheet of paper between two sheets of fabric, as two equivalent plating markers, be passed under the required pressure between an unyielding roll and a, roll capable of yielding locally to a sufficient degree, then a certain slip will result between the paper and the markers which is so minute as not to injure either the paper or the markers, but is sufficient to give the desired finishjto the paper.

In addition to providing one of the rolls made of a material which will yield in the manner stated, one of the rolls may be mounted asa .fioating roll, so called, that is, one mounted in a movablemanner with respect to the other roll. Readily yielding means are provided for forcin the floating roll against the other roll. his is done preferabl by pneumatic pressure. The pressure orcing the floating roll against its companion roll in this instance will readily yield whenever necessary to avoid a damaging pressure on the material passing between the rolls, and the degree of pressure .used can be regulated and maintained constantly for the desired results.

In each of the arran ements outlined, one of the rolls is preferfbly made of an unyielding material similar to the material used for the ordinary plater rolls. Where the resilient roll is made of yielding material, the great pressure between the rolls will flatten or indent the resilient roll to some extent on each side of the theoretical contact line between the rolls. These contact surfaces press against the material passing between the rolls and exert the necessary pressure to transfer the pattern from the cloth to the paper without exerting such a degree of pressure as will injure the cloth, and the paper sheet is kneaded or polished by the action of the non-yielding roll pressing into and rolling on the resilient roll.

There appears to result from the action of the rolls, a relative movement or slip of the paper and the markers, to which may doubtless be attributed the final polish on the paper.

The preferred arrangement of the machine, having a pairof rolls assembled as above outlined, embodies, preferably but not necessarily, guiding means for two endless belts or strips of cloth or markers arranged to pass between the pressure rolls. As these strips of cloth or markers pass between the pressure rolls, the paper to be finished also passes therewith and between the two strips of cloth. The paper may be fed from a large roll on one side of a machine or from any suitable supply in a strip, so that, once the machine is started, the paper will be finished in a continuous manner, to be described.

The machine herein disclosed may be used in various ways as by finishing paper either i in separate sheets or in a long strip and by using cloth for transferring the pattern either in a continuous or endless belt or in a long strip corresponding to the paper strip or in sheets corresponding to the pa er sheets. Instead of cloth, etched or 0t er patterned metal may be used as the marker. As shown, two endless strips of linen operate to place the pattern on opposite sides of the paper.

It is desirable in such an arrangement to provide endless belts of linen which will not transfer an impression of the joints made in forming the belts. Special belt constructions are herein disclosed for specific use with the machine. Obviously, a seamless belt would be most desirable, but, where this is not available, the construction of the belt as generally shown herein is preferred.

There are certain desirable finishes of paper which are made by transferring the pattern of one cloth or linen on to the paper to be finished and thereafter transferring the pattern of another cloth or linen on the same paper. This is what is termed superimposed finishes or super-imposing one finish upon another. It may be carried to the extent of super-imposing two or more patterns one over the other from different of super-imposed cloths on the same paper. Where the machine knoyvn as a plater is used, the building up of 'a book is necessary, and, if this super-imposed finish is obtained on the plater, it is necessary to build up a book once for each super-imposed finish. One arrangement of the machine shown and described herein will ive any desired number nishes in an automatic and continuous manner without the necessity of manipulating the paper as is now necessary where the plater is used.

The object of the invention is to provide a machine of the class above outlined, which is designed to take the place of and do the work of the plater machine now in general use which machine will have advantages over the plater obvious from the above considerations and from comparison of the two machines. With ,-these objects in View, one specific embodiment of the invention will be described for the purpose of making the invention clear and for illustrating and defining the manner in which the invention may be carried out. The invention generally will be defined in the claims from which the many objects of the invention may be ascertained.

Reference is had to the accompanying drawings in which Figure 1 is a side elevation of a machine constructed according to applicants invention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view through the machine.

Fig. 3 is a detail view showing a means for insuring a proper feed of the cloth and paper .to the pressure rolls.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the mechanism shown in Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a sectional 'view taken on the line 55 of Fig. 4.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view taken on the line 66 of Fig. 4:.

Fig.7 is a sectional View of a modified 110 form of arranging the pressure rolls.

Fig. 8 is a detail'view showing the manner in which the cloth (as linen) may be advantageously backed and joined together in a continuous strip.

Fig. 9 is a detail view similar to Fig. 8, further showing the manner of joining and backing the cloth to form two continuous strips.

Fig. 10 is a detail view further showing 120 a manner in which the cloth may be mounted on an endless belt backing.

Fig. 11 is a detail view indicating three strips of cloth made up into a single endless belt.

Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic view of a plurality of sets of pressure rolls through ifwhiich paper to be finished is successfully e Referring to the drawings, Fig. 1, A is the 130 main frame of the machine formed in two spaced and connected side frame members on which the various parts may be mounted. At one end of the frame, a roll of paper a, to be finished, is carried by the cross-rod 1 having suitable bearings in frame A. A pulley is keyed to one end of rod 1 around which a flexible strap passes. The latter is fast at one end to a stationary part and a weight hangs from the other end. The strip of paper a may be unrolled in a uniform manner, due to the braking action of the strap, and passbetween the pressure rolls.

The pressure rolls 20 and are carried by rods? and 8. The latter are mounted in the side frame members as follows. Vertical ways in the frame members are each designed to receive a wedge block 13 (Fig. 1)

movable transversely to the ways by means of the supporting screw rods 10. These rods may position the wedge blocks as desired. Resting on the top surface of each wedge block and mounted in the ways, is the lower half of a split-bearing in which the rod 7 rotates. Corresponding bearing parts are mounted in the ways to hold the rod 7 in proper place. At the top of each vertical way and threaded intoa suitable support in the frame, is a screw-rod 11 arranged to bear against and force the bearings for rod 7 downwardly so that roll 20 will press against roll 30 with the desired degree of pressure. The rod 8 is mounted in splitbearings in the vertical Ways, but the bottom of these bearings rest against the frame. B

this arrangement, the rod 7 carrying r01 20 can be adjusted vertically with respect to.

roll 30. The wedge block 13 is primarily for the purpose of lifting roll 20 away from roll 30 while the paper strip and cloth strips are first passed between the rolls.

The pressure rolls are driven in opposite directions by means of intermeshing gears on rods 7 and 8 (Fig. 1) which, in turn are driven from a gear keyed to the power-shaft 9. After the paper has passed between the pressure rolls, it is guided to the wind-up roll on shaft 16. The latter is driven from shaft 9 by a slipping belt, the tension of which is regulated by a roll 19 pivoted to swing and be adjusted from center 18.

As the paper passes between the pressure rolls 20 and 30, the top surface is in contact with the endless cloth strip or marker 5, and the bottom surface is in contact with the cloth strip or marker 0. Both of these strips are so guided as to pass withthe paper between the pressure rolls. As shown, particularly in Fig. 2, each cloth strip is mounted to travel over a suitably arranged series of guide rolls 21 mounted on rods 6 which engage in suitable bearings in the side frame members. One roll of each series is positively driven from rod 7 or 8 as the case may be by means of a silent chain drive. In

this way, the passage of the cloth strips over the guide rolls is aided. One roll of each series of guide rolls is adjusted in suitable ways by means of the screw-operated sliding bearings 4 and 5. The desired tension of the cloth strips is given by adjusting these last-mentioned rolls.

It is important to insure the cloth strips b and c entering between the pressure rolls in an unwrinkled form. For this purpose, what may be called the ironing plates 31 and 32 are provided. The former adjusted to iron and guide strip b to the bight of the rolls and the latter strip 0. Each plate'is made in the same manner best shown in Figs. 3 to 6. Frame brackets 36 carry threaded rods 38 provided at the lower ends with-ball joints connecting cross-plate 36. The ironing plate 31 is connected to plate 36 by headed bolts 33 threaded into 31 but passing freely through holes in plate 36. Coiled springs force plates 31 and 36 apart due to the loose connections of bolts 33 and 36. The plates are limited in this movement by theheads of bolts 33 engaging the upper surface of plate 36. By the construction just described, it will be seen that ironing plate 31 is mounted for a limited universal movement. The paper strip a, and the cloth strips 6 and 0, pass between the two ironing plates 31 and 32 before entering between the rolls. As these plates are spring-pressed together and are mounted'to readily adjust themselves as required and to press the three strips'to gether, the latter will be ironed free of wrinkles before passing between the rolls. Plates 31 and 32 are in effect floating ironing ,devices for the strips a, b, and c. The forward end of .each plate 31 and 32 is provided with a fwedge surface gradually merging to the bottom flatsurface, as seen in Figs. 3 to 6. The strip of cloth, as it engages its plate, is gradually smoothed outwardly and, when flat, is guided. between the opposed spring pressed surfaces of plates 31 and 32. The rear end of each plate is brought to a beveled edge inorder to position it closely to the bight of the rolls and thus insure the unwrinkled feeding of the strips to the rolls.

As indicated in Fig. 2, the pressure roll 20 is preferably made of unyielding material,

such as iron or steel, or material substantially equal thereto in its quality of density. The pressure roll 30 ismade of a different material, which is somewhat yielding, but yet is sufficiently dense to sustain, wlthout excessive deformation, the pressures applied in plating paper. For this purpose, the material may be cotton, paper, hard rubber, the composition ordinarily employed in calender rolls, or other substance provided the roll formed therefrom is sufficiently dense and durable, but is capable of yielding to the desired degree. By using material of the nature mentioned, the enormous pressure necessary between the pressure rolls, instead of injuring the cloth strips and the paper, will jected to the proper degree of pressure, are

not only indented and given the desired character of marking, but are also polished in the desired manner, the result being paper finished in accordance with the demands of the trade, and free from objectionable qualities.

While the theory by which we account for this satisfactory result may not be finally the only or the best one which canbe advanced, and while the claims as to novelty and utility of the herein-described process and apparatus are in no way contingent upon the correctness of the theory, our conclusions are as follows:

Consider two rolls arranged to run in surface contact,- and to exert ressure, one against the other. It is unders ood by those acquainted with the properties of materials, that if these rolls be pressed into strong contact, the materiahalong the line of contact undergoes some elastic deformation, the amount varying with the hardness of the material, and that by this means the line contact demanded by this elementary theory is transformed into a narrow surface, the width of which depends upon the degree of hardness.0f the material of which the rolls are' made. If both rolls are equal in hardness, the flattening of each at thecontact will be symmetrical and the surface will be plane. If on the other hand, one of the rolls is much softer than the other, then the surface of contact will be convex and of a radius but little greater than that of the harder roll in cases where the hardness or modulus of elasticity is as great as in the instances cited herein. A consideration of the actions where a laminated composite sheet passes between such rolls under pressure, and an analysis of the relative paths of the layers or laminae next to the softroll and to the hard roll respectively, show that the former, which is of the larger radius, is stretched relative to the latter during its passage through the arc of contact, with consequent slight relative lat-. eral movement between the surfaces of contact. This relative motion is in some respects similar to that between the sheets of a block of paper when it is bent around an are. It will be appreciated that when the paper and the marking strips 6 and c are subjected to the nip of the rolls 20, 30, they are not only pressed together with great force but are also bent around the axis of the roll 20. The bending of the sheets while under enormous pressure about the axis of the relatively hard roll 20 resulting from the yielding of the softer roll 30, is what causes theslip between the paper and the markers and the desired polishing effect. Therefore the method practised with the aid of the apparatus as described, may be said to consist in bending the sheets of textile fabric and paper in an are at the same time that they are confined under severe pressure in such manner that slip occurs between the surfaces of adjacent sheets producing a polish while the surfaces of the paper are being marked or impressed by the marking fabrics.

The relative motion with the use of a yielding roll, sufficiently dense,'how er, to withstand the heavy pressure demanded, is of course ver small, but is enough to result in the desired polish.

The cloth strips 6 and a will ordinarilybe made of linen but other cloth may be used. Since the strips are made up in an endless belt form, it 1s important to so join them that the joint will not show appreciably when the pattern adjacent the joint is transferred to the paper. An efiicient manner of doing this is indicated in Figs. 8 to 11. As shown, two strips of linen are used one as a backing for the other. The ends to be joined are cut with extreme care and brought together on the backing strip on which they are pasted so that the ends lie abutting one another to a nice degree andare backed by a strip of similar material. The backing strip is joined in the same way using its companion strip as a backin In this scheme, the joints are staggere and one strip acts as a backing for the other. Both strips are carefully pasted together and form in effect a single endless belt with no appreciable 'oint appearing on the working surface. f desired, three instead of two stri s may be joined in the manner described see Fig. 11). In some cases, it ma be desired to paste or back up the clot strips made up as above on a eather belt 6 (see Fig. 10).

The general operation of the machine will be clear from the foregoing description. The paper strip a is fed from the supply roll on rod 1 over guide roll 3 between the cloth strips 6 and c, the floating ironing plates, the guide roll 15, and to the windup roll on rod 16. The strip a is drawn through the machine by the slipping drive of the wind-up roll and the-positively driven pressure rolls. The speed of the latter determine the speed of travel of strip a and strips band a as all other drives in the machine are slipping drives. The attern of the cloth is thus transferred to t e surface of the paper in an efficient manner, and the desired result is obtained.

' The pneumatic arran ement for forcing the pressure rolls toget er is indicated in Fig. 7. In this case, the lower pressure roll 30. is mounted in stationarybearings and the upper roll 20' is mounted in vertically movable bearings suitably guided in ways 51. nected to a piston rod of a pressure cylinder 50, one arranged on each side of the machine.- The weight of the piston 52, its rod, and the pressure roll 20 is balanced by heavy springs 53 arranged around the piston rod between the bottom of the cylinder and the piston. The strips a, b, and a pass between the pressure rolls in the same manner as described in connection with Fig. 2.

The pressure is here obtained by introducing a pressure medium, as air, above cylinders 52 which then force roll 20' a ainst the strips a, b and c, and roll 30. here pneumatic pressure is used in this way, the roll 20' is cushioned to readily yield upwardly when necessary. This avoids a damaging pressure on the strips.

Fig. 12 illustrates diagrammatically the manner in which superimposed finishes can be advantageously obtained by an arrangement in line of several of the machines B, C, and D, each like that shown in Figs. land 2. In this arrangement, the strip a is led from the supply roll on the first machine B through suitableguide rolls 60, 61, 62, and 63 to the wind-up roll on the last machine D in line. It is to be understood that in this arrangement two or more machines may be used each identical or similar to the one described in detail. The cloth strips in each machine may be of the same or different materials or patterns.

The paper tobe finished is fed successively between the several sets of pressure rolls and receives an impression from the linen or cloth as it passes between each. Thus any imperfection in the impression given the paper as it passes between the cloth and one set of rolls will be wiped out or obliterated when the succeeding impression is received. In this respect, the successive impressions given by the several sets of rolls are similar to the successive impressions given by the plater when the book or piles of sheets are fed several times back aild forth through the single set of pressure rolls in that machine. These successive impressions give a better quality finish and the arrangement of the several sets of rolls for this purpose is of considerable importance. By such an arrangement, a wide variation in finishes may also be conveniently obtained.

It is to be understood that the specific form of machine shown is illustrative only of the form now preferred. Many changes, such as a more convenient construction for placing the continuous cloth strips in the machine can be added without departing from the invention. We dornot, therefore,

limit the invention to the form shown but These latter bearings are each condesire to secure Letters Patent on the invention as defined in the following claims.

What we claim is- 1. A finishing machine for impressing a cloth-surface pattern on paper comprising two rotatable pressure rolls therein, one of which is made of resilient material and the other of comparatively non-resilient material, and both of which are provided with smooth and unbroken peripheral surfaces, a cloth, means to feed the cloth and paper to be finished thereby between the rolls, mechanism to force the rolls one toward the other, all constructed and arranged so that the cloth, paper, and rolls may yield slightly one relatively tothe others during the finishing operation.

2. A finishing machine for impressing a cloth surface pattern on paper, comprising two rotatable opposed smooth pressure rolls one of which is madebof resilient material and the other of comparatively non-resilient material, finishing cloth, means to guide the paper and the cloth to the rolls with the paper between layers of cloth and mechanism to force the rolls, cloth, and paper, together.

3. A finishing machine for impressing a cloth surface pattern on paper, comprising two smooth cylindrical and opposed pressure rolls one of which is resilient as compared to the other, a supply of cloth, means associated therewith to guide cloth and paper one against the other to and between the rolls, mechanism to force the rolls one toward the other with various degrees of pressure as desired, the machine being characterized in that said pressure rolls apply a uniform yielding pressure over the entire surface of the cloth and paper to transfer the cloth pattern in a uniform manner.

4. A paper finishing machine for transferring the patterns of suitable material to paper, comprising in combination, two opposed pressure rolls, one of which is made of resilient material and the other of which is made of comparatively non-resilient material, driving means for the rolls, means for guiding and feeding strips of material and paper, one on top-of the other between said rolls, and means for returning said material after it passes through the rolls to position to be again fed to the rolls.

5. A, paper-finishing machine for transferring the patterns of suitable material to paper, comprising in combination, two opposed pressure rolls, of which one is of relatively rigid material and the other is of relatively yielding material, means to drive the rolls continuously, means for feeding strips of paper and material one on top of the other to said rolls, and means for returning the material only fed through the rolls rolls, said material having an unblemished surface wherever the same contacts with the paper in the passage between the rolls.

6. A paper-finishing machine for transferring the patterns of suitable material to paper, comprising in combination, two opposed pressure rolls, of which one is of relatively rigid material and the other is of relatively yielding material, means to drive the rolls, means to guide the paper to the bight of the rolls, and an endless belt of suitable material arranged to pass with and against the paper through the rolls, said material having an unblemished surface wherever the same contacts with the paper in the passage between the rolls and guiding means for the endless belt.

.A paper-finishing machine for transferring the patterns of suitable material to paper, comprisin in combination, two opposed pressure r0 ls, of which one is of relatively rigid material and the other is of relatively yielding material, means to drive said rolls, means to guide the paper to the bight of the rolls and two endless belts, each working surface of which is unblemished and each arranged to pass through the rolls against and on op osite sides of the paper.

8. A paper-finis ing machine for transferring the patterns of suitable material to paper, comprising in combination, two opposed pressure rolls, means to drive the rolls, means to guide the paper to the bight of Y the rolls, and an endless belt of suitable material arranged to pass with and against the paper through the rolls, a device for ironing and'smoothing said belt before it passes between the rolls, and guiding means for the belt. A

9. A paper-finishing machine for transferring the patterns of suitable fiber material to paper, comprising, two relatively movable opposed pressure devices, one of which is made of relatively resilient material and the other is made of relatively rigid material, and means Ito guide paper and suitable fiber material to said devices, whereby the pattern of the material is transferred to the paper by the pressure without injuring the fiber of either.

10. A paper-finishing apparatus for transferring the patterns of layers ofsuitable material to the opposite faces of paper, comprising in combination, two pairs of pressure rolls, means to drive said rolls, the two rolls of each pair being relatively opposed and formed respectively of relatively hard and relatively yielding material, means to.

guide paper first to one pair of pressure rolls and then to the other, and means to guide said layers, suitable material against the paper as it is fedbetween them through the first pair ofrolls and to guide other layers other material to and against the'same belt of suitable material and supporting j means whereby it may pass with and against the paper through the rolls.

12. finishing machine for impressing a cloth surface pattern on paper, comprising, two opposed pressure rolls, one of which is sli htly resilient, driving means for said r0 ls, two endless belts each arranged to pass between said rolls and means to support the paper whereby it may be fed between the belts as the latter pass between the rolls.

13. A finishing apparatus for impressing a cloth surface pattern on paper, comprising, in combination, two opposed ressure rolls, one of which is resilient and t e other of which is non-resilient, means to guide the paper to and from the bight of the rolls, an endless belt of suitable material arranged to pass with and against the paper through the rolls, means to smooth and guide said belt so that it will lie fiat against the paper as it passes between the rolls.

14. A machine for producing a cloth finish on the surfaces of paper, comprising a plurality of textile belts, a pair of rolls adapted to exert pressure through these belts u on paper fed between them one of the rol s being of a hard material, the other roll being of a material sufiiciently yielding to brin about a sli ht relative motion between t e paper an the belts while under pressure, but nevertheless having suflicient compressive rigidity to insure that each side of the paper shall receive principally the impression of the textile belt which is in contact with that side.

15. A machine for producing cloth finish on the surfaces of paper, comfprising a plurality of textile belts, a pair 0 rolls adapted to exert dpressure through the belts upon paper fe between them, one of the rolls being of a hard material, the other roll being of a material sufliciently yielding to bring the rolls being of a hard material, the other roll being of a material sufiiciently yielding to bring about a slight relative motion between the paper and the markers while under pressure, but possessing sufficient hardness to furnish a backing for the aper which will prevent the reverse of the esign being imparted to that surface of the paper which is away from the roll, from being simultaneously imparted to the surface contiguous to the roll.

17. A machine for producing a finish in relief on the surfaces of paper, comprising a plurality of flexible markers having a pattern in the inverse of the required relief on their Working surfaces, a pair of rolls adapted to exert pressure through these markers upon paper fed between them, one of the rolls being of a hard material, the other roll being of a material sufiiciently yielding to bring about a slight relative motion between the paper and the markers while under pressure, but nevertheless having sufiicient compressive rigidity to insure that each side of the paper shall receive principally the impression of that marker which is in contact with'that side.

18. A machine fofproducing a finish on the surfaces of paper, comprising a continuously traveling marker, means for actuating the same, means for feeding the paper and means for applying pressure to the paper and to the marker and for effecting a slight relative movement of the'paper and marker while under pressure to impart polish to the surface of the paper.

19. A machine for cloth finishing the surfaces ofpaper, comprising a pair of cloth imprint-making elements between which the paper to be treated is inserted; a pair of pressure rolls adapted to exert sufiicient pressure through the cloth on the paper to impress the respective surfaces of the paper with a clear imprint of the respectively adjacent cloths, one of these pressure rolls being of hard metal, and the other of a material of as yielding a nature as in consistent with its function of withstanding the pres sure just defined, but sufiiciently yielding to yield at the line of specific pressure, whereby a polishing action on the paper is secured.

20. A machine for producing a finish in relief on the surfaces of paper comprising a pair of imprint-making elements between which the paper to be treated is inserted; a pair of pressure rolls adapted to exert sufficient pressure through the said imprintmaking elements on the paper to impress the respective surfaces of the paper with a clear imprint of the respectively adjacent elements, one of thesepressure rolls being of a relatively hard and-unyielding material, and the other of a material of as yielding a nature as is consistent with the function of withstanding the pressure just defined.

21. A machine for cloth finishing paper in which the paper is pressed between two cloths hard enough to give a clear imprint of each cloth on the side' in contact therewith, comprising two co-acting rolls of -which one is much more yielding in charand effecting a very slight relative movement of the paper and of the marker while under pressure, suflicient to impart polish to the surface of the paper.

23. The method of finishing the surface I of paper, which consists in pressing a sheet of paper into forcible contact with a marker having on its surface next to the paper a marking the reverse of that to be impressed in the paper, and at the same time so bending the paper and marker while under pressure as to cause slip between the contacting surfaces thereof.

2&. A method of cloth-finishing paper which consists in placing paper between flexible markers, passing the markers and paper progressively between pressure applying means, and at the same time causing slip between the paper and markers at the line of pressure whereby a polished finish is produced on the paper. 25. A continuous method of cloth-finishing paper which consists in placing paper between continuously traveling markers, progressively applying pressure against said markers and paper, and bending the same at and during the persistenceof the application of pressure thereto in such manner as to cause slip between the contiguous surfaces of the paper and markers while under pressure.

26. In a machine for cloth finishing paper, in combination a pair of rolls, one of which is of relatively hard material while the other is of a comparatively yielding material which is nevertheless capable of repeatedly withstanding a load per square inch of contact surface sufficient to avoid of these rolls and to strongly ress them together; means for rotating tl fe rolls; a plurality of textile belts passing between the rolls and strongly pressed together thereby, these belts being adapted to impress a cloth-like appearance on both sides of paper pressed between them by means of the rolls aforementioned.

27. A machine for cloth finishing the surfaces of paper comprising two axially parallel pressure rolls so mounted that they can be forced into intimate contact, one roll being of hard metal while the other roll is of a material much more yielding than metal, but nevertheless able to withstand without injurious permanent deformation such pressures as are required in the operation of plating paper; cloth marking elements adapted to pass between these rolls in such manner that the paper to be treated may be inserted between them, and have pressure exerted upon it by the aforesaid rolls through the cloth, said yielding roll being capable of causing a slip between the paper and the cloth marking elements; and means for driving the rolls.

FRANK C. LADD. FRANKLIN G. NEAL.

Witnesses:

HARRY M. BOWEN, H. E. HARTWELL. 

